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Characterizing North Atlantic weather patterns for climate-optimal aircraft routing\ud

机译:表征北大西洋的天气模式,以实现气候最佳的飞机航线\ ud

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摘要

Daily weather patterns over the North Atlantic are classified into relevant types: typical weather patterns that may characterize the range of climate impacts from aviation in this region, for both summer and winter. The motivation is to provide a set of weather types to facilitate an investigation of climate-optimal aircraft routing of trans-Atlantic flights (minimizing the climate impact on a flight-by-flight basis). Using the New York to London route as an example, the time-optimal route times are shown to vary by over 60 min, to take advantage of strong tailwinds or avoid headwinds, and for eastbound routes latitude correlates well with the latitude of the jet stream. The weather patterns are classified by their similarity to the North Atlantic Oscillation and East Atlantic teleconnection patterns. For winter, five types are defined; in summer, when there is less variation in jet latitude, only three types are defined. The types can be characterized by the jet strength and position, and therefore the location of the time-optimal routes varies by type. Simple proxies for the climate impact of carbon dioxide, ozone, water vapour and contrails are defined, which depend on parameters such as the route time, latitude and season, the time spent flying in the stratosphere, and the distance over which the air is supersaturated with respect to ice. These proxies are then shown to vary between weather types and between eastbound and westbound routes.
机译:北大西洋的每日天气模式分为相关类型:夏季和冬季,典型的天气模式可以表征该地区航空对气候的影响范围。这样做的动机是提供一组天气类型,以方便对跨大西洋航班的气候最佳飞机路线进行调查(以逐个航班的方式将气候影响最小化)。以纽约到伦敦的路线为例,时间最佳路线时间显示相差60分钟以上,以利用强逆风或避免逆风,并且对于东行路线,纬度与喷射流的纬度密切相关。天气模式根据其与北大西洋涛动和东大西洋遥相关型的相似性进行分类。对于冬季,定义了五种类型。在夏季,当喷气纬度变化较小时,仅定义了三种类型。这些类型可以通过喷射强度和位置来表征,因此,时间最佳路径的位置随类型而变化。确定了二氧化碳,臭氧,水蒸气和凝结尾迹对气候影响的简单代理,这取决于诸如路线时间,纬度和季节,在平流层中飞行所花费的时间以及空气过饱和的距离等参数。关于冰。然后显示这些代理在天气类型之间以及东行和西行路线之间有所不同。

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